↑ Michael Dee, David Wengrow, Andrew Shortland, Alice Stevenson, Fiona Brock, Linus Girdland Flink and Christopher Bronk Ramsey,'An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling'in Proc. R. Soc. A (ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2013) vol. 469 no. 2159,doi: 10.1098/rspa.2013.0395.
↑ Dee et al. (2013) note: "For this study, we take the foundation date to refer to the accession of king Aha of the First Dynasty, although his predecessor, Narmer, most probably held political control over the whole state. Historical foundation dates vary widely and recent estimates range from 3400 to 2900 TCNE."
↑ Dee et al. 2013: " our analysis generates a chronometric date for the foundation of Egypt (accession of king Aha) of 3111–3045 TCNE (68% hpd range; median 3085 TCNE) or 3218–3035 TCNE (95% hpd range)."
↑ “Qa'a and Merneith lists”, Xoomer, IT: Virgilio .
↑ Manetho, Fr. 6, 7a, 7b. Text and translation in Manetho, translated by W.G. Waddell (Cambridge: Harvard University, 1940), pp. 27-35
